1435 mm

[Hobit]

Zanimljiva priča...o razmaku medju šinama...


Dakle, zašto ta glupa mera od 1435mm?

Prve železnice su građene po toj meri, zato što su isti ljudi koji su gradili prve železničke pruge, pre toga gradili pruge za tramvaj. A one su bile po toj meri.

Zašto su, onda, ljudi gradili tramvajske pruge po toj meri?
Zato što su oni koji su proizvodili tramvaje, njih prizvodili sa istim alatima sa kojima su proizvodili i kočije.

Zašto su, onda, kočije proizvođene baš po toj meri?
Zbog toga što, da su proizvođene po nekoj drugoj meri, pucale bi na nekim starim magistralnim drumovima, na kojima je bila baš ta širina tragova za kočije.

Ko je gradio te drumove? Prve magistralne drumove u Evropi gradili su stari Rimljani, za potrebe svojih legija.

Zašto su tragovi na svim tim drumovima jednaki? Zato jer su ih napravile ratne kočije, koje su u Rimskom carstvu sve bile jednake.

A zašto su oni onda odabrali baš 1435mm? Zato jer u 1435mm stanu dve konjske guzice.

Ima još.

Svi ste, verovatno, čuli za Space Shuttle. Ono što daje Space Shuttle-u najveći potisak su dve rakete na čvrsto gorivo koje su pričvršćene na bočnim
stranama Space Shuttle-a.
Inženjeri koji su ih gradili hteli su da ih naprave malo debljima. Ali, te rakete gradi Thiokol iz Utaha. A prevoze se železnicom.
Ta železnica ide kroz tunel. Rakete moraju biti rađene po meri tunela. Taj tunel je malo širi od širine pruge, koja je široka kao dve konjske guzice.

I, eto ti sad.
Na kraju, najsofisticiraniji vid transporta je ograničen merama koje su pre 20 vekova odredile konjske guzice.

[Meho Krljic]

Lepa prica  Doduse ne sasvim tacna jer razmak izmedju sina naravno varira ali procena je da oko 60% svetskih sina zaista jeste na tom razmaku. Takodje, isti clanak tvrdi da je to sto si napisao samo urbana legenda:

Early origins of the standard gauge

There is an urban legend that Julius Caesar specified a legal width for chariots at the width of standard gauge, causing road ruts at that width, so all later wagons had to have the same width or else risk having one set of wheels suddenly fall into one deep rut but not the other.[2] [3]

In fact, the origins of the standard gauge considerably predate the Roman Empire, and may even predate the invention of the wheel. The width of prehistoric vehicles was determined by a number of interacting factors which gave rise to a fairly standard vehicle width of a little under 2 metres (6.6 ft). These factors have changed little over the millennia, and are still reflected in today's motor vehicles. Road rutting was common in early roads, even with stone pavements. The initial impetus for the ruts probably came from the grooves made by sleds and slide cars dragged over the surfaces of ancient trackways. Since early carts had no steering and no brakes, negotiating hills and curves was dangerous, and cutting ruts into the stone helped them negotiate the hazardous parts of the roads.[4]

Neolithic wheeled carts found in Europe had gauges varying from 130 to 175 centimetres (4 ft 3 in to 5 ft 9 in). By the Bronze age, wheel gauges appeared to have stabilized between 140 to 145 centimetres (4 ft 7 in to 4 ft 9 in) which was attributed to a tradition in ancient technology which was perpetuated throughout European history.[5] The ancient Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians and Greeks constructed roads with artificial wheelruts cut in rock spaced the wheelspan of an ordinary carriage. Such ancient stone rutways connected major cities with sacred sites, such as Athens to Eleusis, Sparta to Ayklia, or Elis to Olympia. The gauge of these stone grooves was 138 to 144 centimetres (4 ft 6 in to 4 ft 9 in). The largest number of preserved stone trackways, over 150, are found on Malta.[6]

Some of these ancient stone rutways were very ambitious. Around 600 BC the citizens of ancient Corinth constructed the Diolkos, which some consider the world's first railway, a granite road with grooved tracks along which large wooden flatbed cars carrying ships and their cargo were pulled by slaves or draft animals. The space between the grooved tracks in the granite was a consistent 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in).[7]

The Roman Empire actually made less use of stone trackways than the prior Greek civilization because the Roman roads were much better than those of previous civilizations. However, there is evidence that the Romans used a more or less consistent wheel gauge adopted from the Greeks throughout Europe, and brought it to England with the Roman conquest of Britain in AD 43. After the Roman departure from Britain, this more-or-less standard gauge continued in use, so the wheel gauge of animal drawn vehicles in 19th century Britain was 1.4 to 1.5 metres (4 ft 7 in to 4 ft 10 in). In 1845 George Stephenson copied the gauge of British coal wagons in his area (about 1.42 metres (4 ft 8 in)) for his new locomotive, and for technical reasons widened it slightly to achieve the modern railway standard gauge of 1.435 metres (4 ft 8.5 in).[4]
[edit] Standard gauge
Main article: Standard gauge

What became the standard gauge of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) was chosen for the first main-line railway, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR), by the British engineer George Stephenson; the de facto standard for the colliery railways where Stephenson had worked was 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm). Whatever the origin of the gauge, it seemed to be a satisfactory choice, not too narrow and not too wide.

Isambard Kingdom Brunel, engineer of the Great Western Railway, chose the broader gauge of 7 ft 0+1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) because it offered greater stability and capacity at high speed. Brunel's first locomotives were exactly 7 foot gauge and had no slack, hence the extra quarter inch. The Eastern Counties Railway chose 5 ft  (1,524 mm) gauge, but soon realised that lack of compatibility was a mistake and changed to Stephenson's gauge. The conflict between Brunel and Stephenson is often referred to as the Gauge War. Several non-interconnecting lines in Scotland were 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) but were changed to standard gauge for compatibility reasons.

In 1845 a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Royal Commission recommended adoption of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) as standard gauge in Great Britain, 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) in Ireland. The following year the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Gauge Act, which required that new railways use the standard gauge. Except for the Great Western Railway's broad gauge, few main-line railways in Great Britain used a different gauge. The last Great Western line was converted to standard gauge in 1892.