Discovery Ages Antibiotics 2,000 Years

[zakk]

http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/News-discovery-ages-antibiotics-2000-years-090110.aspx

A chemical analysis of the bones of ancient Nubians showed they were regularly consuming tetracycline, most likely in their beer.

The finding is the strongest evidence yet that the art of making antibiotics, which officially dates to the discovery of penicillin in 1928, was common practice nearly 2,000 years ago.

The research, led by Emory anthropologist George Armelagos and medicinal chemist Mark Nelson of Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., is published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology.

"We tend to associate drugs that cure diseases with modern medicine," Armelagos says. "But it's becoming increasingly clear that this prehistoric population was using empirical evidence to develop therapeutic agents. I have no doubt that they knew what they were doing."

Armelagos is a bioarcheologist and an expert on prehistoric diets.

In 1980, he discovered what appeared to be traces of tetracycline in human bones from Nubia dated between A.D. 350 and 550. The ancient Nubian kingdom was located in present-day Sudan, south of ancient Egypt.

Armelagos and his fellow researchers later tied the source of the antibiotic to the Nubian beer. The grain used to make the fermented gruel contained the soil bacteria streptomyces, which produces tetracycline.

A key question was whether only occasional batches of the ancient beer contained tetracycline, which would indicate accidental contamination with the bacteria.

Nelson, a leading expert in tetracycline and other antibiotics, became interested in the project after hearing Armelagos speak at a conference.

Lekovito pivo. Kakva dobra pomisao

[Džek]

Zar alkohol ne poništava dejstvo antibiotika?

[Mica Milovanovic]

Sad mi je jasno što pojedini nikako da se razbole od prehlade, a drežde stalno ispred prodavnice...

[zakk]

Zar alkohol ne poništava dejstvo antibiotika?

Može da pojača nuspojave (glavobolje, mučninu) i da smanji efikasnost, da poništi baš ne... ali sve zavisi kolko piješ.

[scallop]

Sredstva za umirenje (sedativi) nisu baš dobra pratnja za piće. U svim ostalim slučajevima alkohol ubrzava resorpciju (uklanjanje) leka iz tela. I to je sve. Znači, nivo antibiotika neće biti prava linija, malo će da tetura. Reagujemo isto na alkohol.

[lilit]

Sredstva za umirenje (sedativi) nisu baš dobra pratnja za piće. U svim ostalim slučajevima alkohol ubrzava resorpciju (uklanjanje) leka iz tela. I to je sve. Znači, nivo antibiotika neće biti prava linija, malo će da tetura. Reagujemo isto na alkohol.

S tim što možda nije loše dodati da postoje i antibiotici (npr. Baktrim) koji u kombinaciji sa alkoholom daju slične efekte kao sedativi + alkohol.

[scallop]

Sad mi je lakše - nisi me mnogo ispravila.

[lilit]

Sad mi je lakše - nisi me mnogo ispravila.

Ma ja bih, ali nije imalo previše da se ispravlja. 
Ima još sitan detalj da se Baktrim (i slični, a za razliku od većine drugih) slabije resorbuju u kombinaciji sa alkoholom pošto se metabolišu preko istih punktova u jetri, ali to bi već bilo nepotrebno cepidlačenje.

[Cornelius]

PRIČAM JA VEĆ GODINAMA DA JE PIVO DOBRO ZA ZDRAVLJE (naravno ne lager pivo, nego ona dobra belgijska i engleska) I TVRDIM DA JE VINO LEK!

[scallop]

Zato su ga i izmislili.
Zamisli samo Egipćane! Šenica im je važna, ali buzah...! Zamislite sreće kad su ustanovili da prokislo žito udara u glavu! Ko majmuni slonovi kad se nadrmaju uskislih smokava. Da ne govorim o vinu. Ustvari, oni su pokušavali da sačuvaju štagod za gora vremena, a dobili dobru šljoku! Imam ja i teoriju o rakiji samo nesmem da je obnarodujem.

[Džek]

Redovito uzimam troduple terapije tog zdravlja, želim da pucam od istog...

[Meho Krljic]

Ubiše nas ovi antibiotici:

Antibiotic Superbugs CRKP & MRSA: Who's at Risk?

Misuse of antibiotics has led to a global health threat: the rise of dangerous—or even fatal—superbugs. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now attacking both patients in hospitals and also in the community and a deadly new multi-drug resistant bacteria called carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, or CRKP is now in the headlines. Last year, antibiotic resistant infections killed 25,000 people in Europe, the Guardian reports.

Unless steps are taken to address this crisis, the cures doctors have counted on to battle bacteria will soon be useless. CRKP has now been reported in 36 US states—and health officials suspect that it may also be triggering infections in the other 14 states where reporting isn't required. High rates have been found in long-term care facilities in Los Angeles County, where the superbug was previously believed to be rare, according to a study presented earlier this month. CRKP is even scarier than MRSA because the new superbug is resistant to almost all antibiotics, while a few types of antibiotics still work on MRSA. Who's at risk for superbugs—and what can you do to protect yourself and family members? Here's a guide to these dangerous bacteria.

Understanding different types of bacteria.

What is antibiotic resistance?  Almost every type of bacteria has evolved and mutated to become less and less responsive to common antibiotics, largely due to overuse of these medications. Because superbugs are resistant to these drugs, they can quickly spread in hospitals and the community, causing infections that are hard or even impossible to cure. Doctors are forced to turn to more expensive and sometimes more toxic drugs of last resort. The problem is that every time antibiotics are used, some bacteria survive, giving rise to dangerous new strains like MRSA and CRKP, the CDC reports.

What are CRKP and MRSA?  Klebseiella is a common type of gram-negative bacteria that are found in our intestines (where the bugs don't cause disease). The CRKP strain is resistant to almost all antibiotics, including carbapenems, the so-called "antibiotics of last resort." MRSA (methacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) is a type of bacteria that live on the skin and can burrow deep into the body if someone has cuts or wounds, including those from surgery.

Who is at risk? CRKP and MRSA infects patients, usually the elderly—who are already ill and living in long-term healthcare facilities, such as nursing homes. People who are on ventilators, require IVs, or have undergone prolonged treatment with certain antibiotics face the greatest threat of CRKP infection. Healthy people are at very low risk for CRKP. There are 2 types of MRSA, a form that affects hospital patients, with similar risk factors to CRKP, and another even more frightening strain found in communities, attacking people of all ages who have not been in medical facilities, including athletes, weekend warriors who use locker rooms, kids in daycare centers, soldiers, and people who get tattoos. Nearly 500,000 people a year are hospitalized with MRSA.

Keeping hospital patients safe.

How likely is it to be fatal? In earlier outbreaks, 35 percent of CRKP-infected patients died, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) reported in 2008. The death rate among those affected by the current outbreak isn't yet known. About 19,000 deaths a year are linked to MRSA in the US and rates of the disease has rise 10-fold, with most infections found in the community.

How does it spread? Both MRSA and CRKP are mainly transmitted by person-to-person contact, such as the infected hands of a healthcare provider. They can enter the lungs through a ventilator, causing pneumonia, the bloodstream through an IV catheter, causing bloodstream infection (sepsis), or the urinary tract through a catheter, causing a urinary tract infection. Both can also cause surgical wounds to become infected. MRSA can also be spread in contact with infected items, such as sharing razors, clothing, and sports equipment. These superbugs are not spread through the air.

What are the symptoms? Since CRKP presents itself as a variety of illnesses, most commonly pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infections, wound (or surgical site) infections and blood infections, symptoms reflect those illnesses, most often pneumonia. MRSA typically causes boils and abscesses that resemble infected bug bites, but can also present as pneumonia or flu-like symptoms.

How are superbugs related? The only drug that still works against the CRKP is colistin, a toxic antibiotic that can damage the kidneys. Several drugs, such as vancomycin, may still work against MRSA.

What's the best protection against superbugs? Healthcare providers are prescribing fewer antibiotics, to help prevent CRKP, MRSA and other superbugs from developing resistance to even more antibiotics. The best way to stop bacteria from spreading is simple hygiene. If someone you know is in a nursing home or hospital, make sure doctors and staff wash their hands in front of you. Also wash your own hands frequently, with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, avoid sharing personal items, and  shower after using gym equipment. The CDC has reports on Klebsiella bacteria and MRSA, discussing how to prevent their spread and has just issued a new report on preventing bloodstream infections.

[lilit]

Ne širi paniku na sabahu, bitte.
Mislim, jeste da ne treba koristiti antibiotike za svaku prehladu, ali bojim se da je balans ono sto je i ranije, a i danas, nedostajalo lekarskim krugovima. Koliko god su ranije prepisivali antibiotike za sve i svašta, danas imaš situaciju da moj dragi muž završi u bolnici gde ga 7 dana leče od angine, jbt, angine! Samo zato što mu nisu dali najobičniji penicilin na vreme, granulociti  za 3 dana skočili na 97%, onesvestio se, hitna...zamalo da, ovako mlada, ostanem udovica. 
Tako da...

Btw, "superbubama" me mrzi da smaram. Srećom.  Ali članak je malo preteran.